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Author: Christophe Dessimoz •
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We are delighted to host Prof. Antonis Rokas, Vanderbilt, for two special seminars at University College London and at the University of Lausanne!
Genomics and the making of biodiversity across the budding yeast subphylum
Prof. Antonis Rokas, Vanderbilt
University
London: Tue 13 Nov 2018, 11am, UCL, Roberts Building 309
Lausanne: Wed 14 Nov 2018, 11am, UNIL, Genopode auditorium A
Abstract
Yeasts are unicellular fungi that do not form fruiting bodies. Although the yeast lifestyle has evolved multiple times, most known species belong to the subphylum Saccharomycotina (hereafter yeasts). This diverse group includes the premier eukaryotic model system, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the common human commensal and opportunistic pathogen, Candida albicans; and over 1,000 other known species (with more continuing to be discovered). Yeasts are found in every biome and continent and are more genetically diverse than either plants or bilaterian animals. Ease of culture, simple life cycles, and small genomes (10– 20 Mbp) have made yeasts exceptional models for molecular genetics, biotechnology, and evolutionary genomics. Since only a tiny fraction of yeast biodiversity and metabolic capabilities has been tapped by industry and science, expanding the taxonomic breadth of deep genomic investigations will further illuminate how genome function evolves to encode their diverse metabolisms and ecologies. As part of National Science Foundation’s Dimensions of Biodiversity program, we have undertaken a large-scale comparative genomic study to uncover the genetic basis of metabolic diversity in the entire Saccharomycotina subphylum. In my talk, I will discuss the team’s evolutionary analyses of 332 genomes spanning the diversity of the subphylum. These include establishing a robust genus-level phylogeny and timetree for the subphylum, quantification of the extent of horizontal gene transfer for the subphylum, and characterization of the evolution of approximately 50 metabolic traits (and, in some cases, their underlying genes and pathways). These analyses allow us, for the first time, to infer the key metabolic characteristics of the Last Yeast Common Ancestor (LYCA) and characterize the tempo and mode of genome evolution across an entire subphylum.
All welcome!